{"id":2591,"date":"2011-08-22T20:11:35","date_gmt":"2011-08-22T18:11:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lesbianchic.ch\/?p=2591"},"modified":"2016-04-12T16:45:06","modified_gmt":"2016-04-12T14:45:06","slug":"from-morocco-to-bound-how-lesbians-are-portrayed-in-mainstream-movies-part-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lesbianchic.de\/from-morocco-to-bound-how-lesbians-are-portrayed-in-mainstream-movies-part-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"From Morocco to Bound: How lesbians are portrayed in mainstream movies (Part 2\/4)"},"content":{"rendered":"

The relative openness of the 1910\u2019s, 20\u2019s and early 30\u2019s \u2013 when movies contained many supporting homosexual characters, even if often just for comic effect \u2013 was squelched by the conservatism creeping into society, thanks in part to the advent of sound and detailed dialog. Where before the vaguely meaningful looks and brief inter-titles had made even risqu\u00e9 scenes palatable to sensitive audiences \u2013 and who probably missed references to sexual content they weren\u2019t familiar with \u2013 \u201ctalkies\u201d now spelled out most of the \u201csordid\u201d details and got many a set of knickers in a twist.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A series of movie star sex scandals didn\u2019t help either (most notably that of Roscoe \u201cFatty\u201d Arbuckle<\/a>, who was accused of raping and accidently killing a young woman). In a hurry to fix their morally questionable reputation, Hollywood moguls called in leaders of the Presbyterian and Catholic churches and in 1930 brought the Motion Picture Production Code into effect (also called the Hays Code after the head censor in charge of it, Will H. Hays).<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

As part of these new \u201cmoral\u201d standards, for the next four decades lesbians were found in movies only at the sidelines \u2013 as a series of increasingly disturbing (and often disturbed) characters. The fate of these characters was of course always an unhappy one and often ended in death. Any young lesbian looking for a good onscreen role model during this time had no chance at all.<\/em><\/p>\n


\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Part 2: In which we\u2019re portrayed as creepy, disgusting & self-loathing \u2013 and naturally die at the end.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Rebecca, 1940<\/strong><\/p>\n

Directed by Alfred Hitchcock; starring Joan Fontaine, Laurence Olivier and Judith Anderson<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen a naive young woman marries a rich widower and settles in his gigantic mansion, she finds the memory of the first wife maintaining a grip on her husband and the servants.\u201d From imdb.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Alfred Hitchcock always loved to add an element of creepy sexuality to his movies, and none of his inventions is creepier than his version of Mrs. Danvers. Even though the original character \u2013 as written by Daphne du Maurier for her novel \u2013 is also obsessed by Rebecca de Winter, Hitchcock dialled up the housekeeper\u2019s freaky quality. When Mrs. Danvers shows the new Mrs. De Winter the room where she keeps Rebecca\u2019s things in a kind of shrine, she lovingly runs her fingers through her deceased employer\u2019s lingerie drawer as if the poor woman were still wearing them.<\/p>\n

\"\"Caged, 1950<\/strong><\/p>\n

Directed by John Cromwell; starring Eleanor Parker, Agnes Moorehead and Hope Emerson<\/p>\n

\u201cA naive nineteen year old widow becomes coarsened and cynical when she is sent to a woman’s prison and is exposed to hardened criminals and sadistic guards.\u201d From imdb.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In keeping with traditions also established by the pulp fiction novels of the time, lesbian characters are introduced as a danger to be encountered by young women straying from the right path \u2013 and a warning against what happens when their morals become too loose.<\/p>\n

Marie gets married too young to a wastrel who involves her in a robbery. He gets killed and she goes to jail, where she becomes the victim of a predatory butch matron, whose sadistic methods turn Marie into a hard, cynical woman. Although other (straight) women try to save Marie, they are no match for the evils of the matron \u2013 who of course has a bad end.<\/p>\n

\"\" All About Eve, 1950<\/strong><\/p>\n

Directed by Joseph Mankiewicz; starring Bette Davis, Anne Baxter and George Sanders<\/p>\n

\u201cAn ing\u00e9nue insinuates herself in to the company of an established but aging stage actress and her circle of theater friends.\u201d From imdb.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Described as \u201cthe mousy one with the trench coat and the funny hat\u201d, Eve, with her Machiavellian manipulation of those around her on her climb to stardom, is easily identified as the bad guy. But to make Eve even less appealing audiences of the time, her character was made a lesbian \u2013 a fact confirmed by director Joseph Mankiewicz\u2019s biographer, Ken Geist. Eve not only gazes lovingly at her idol Margot Channing, there\u2019s also a subtle scene with a boarding house roommate who helps Eve hatch a side-plot, and at the end of the movie Eve invites a female fan to stay the night.<\/p>\n

In a studio interview (that is: set up, scripted and controlled by the studio) included in a trailer for the movie, Bette Davis describes Eve as a woman with \u201c\u2026insatiable ambition and talent; an improbable person with contempt for humanity and an inability to love or be loved.\u201d A perfect example of just what Hollywood thought of lesbians at the time.<\/p>\n

\"\"The Children\u2019s hour,<\/strong> 1961<\/strong><\/p>\n

Directed by William Wyler; starring Audrey Hepburn, Shirley MacLaine and James Garner<\/p>\n

\u201cA troublemaking student at a girls’ school accuses two teachers of being lesbians.\u201d From imdb.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In this second adaptation from play by Lillian Hellman (the first, 1936\u2019s \u201cThese Three<\/a>\u201d, not only had all mention of lesbianism removed from it, but the marketing campaign forbade anyone to mention its original source \u2013 and thereby the original story), the makers went back to Hellman\u2019s plotline: two women (Audrey Hepburn and Shirley MacLaine) running a boarding school for girls are accused by a pupil of having an affair.<\/p>\n

Although its open discussion of lesbianism began a wave that would eventually help break down the restricted Hays Code in 1968, and although the fact it even approached the subject on film was pioneering, MacLaine\u2019s sad character (the look on her face on the movie poster gives everything away) spends far too much time crying and finding herself disgusting. It turns out she actually is<\/em> in love with her best friend, but Hepburn refuses to believe such \u201chorrible\u201d rumours about her are true.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Children\u2019s Hour\u201d reflects attitudes of the period by perpetuating \u2013 and expanding on \u2013 the stereotype of the sad, self-loathing lesbian who eventually commits suicide. Having come a long way since then, MacLaine apologised for this portrayal in the 1995 documentary \u201cThe Celluloid Closet<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The Killing of Sister George,<\/strong> 1968<\/strong><\/p>\n

Directed by Robert Aldrich; starring Beryl Reid, Susannah York and Coral Browne<\/p>\n

\u201cGeorge lives with her lover, Childie, and plays a cheerful district nurse in a BBC soap opera. However, her character is to be killed off, and George realises that the only other job she can get is the voice of a cow in a children’s tv programme. Her life begins to fall apart as Childie has an affair with a predatory tv producer.\u201d From imdb.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In one of the most hideous screen portrayals of lesbian couple, we have the stereotype of the loud, obnoxious dyke (although she does have a few good one-liners) who behaves sadistically towards her girlfriend (and abuses two nuns in a taxi!), and the sad childish femme who cries a lot and is easy prey for the next strong-willed lesbian who comes along.<\/p>\n

As the first movie ever to ever include an explicit sex scene between two women, it earned it an \u201cX\u201d rating from the movie industry\u2019s MPAA and therefore limited release in theatres \u2013 in effect killing the film itself at the box office. Not necessarily a bad thing.<\/p>\n

Next month:<\/strong><\/p>\n

The emancipating 1970\u2019s and 80\u2019s slowly lead to improvement in Hollywood\u2019s inclusion of gay women in film, but not without a bit of \u201cdykesploitation\u201d along the way.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lesbians at the movies from the 1940’s until the 1960’s were portrayed in a disturbing way. The fate of these characters was of course always an unhappy one and often ended in death. Any young lesbian looking for a good onscreen role model during this time had no chance at all.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":7600,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1368],"tags":[386,387,388],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.lesbianchic.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/Garbo-Kisses-e1388604706542.jpeg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lesbianchic.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2591"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lesbianchic.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lesbianchic.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lesbianchic.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lesbianchic.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2591"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lesbianchic.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2591\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lesbianchic.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lesbianchic.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lesbianchic.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lesbianchic.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}